Bernoulli's law
Push a thumb tack through the center of a
piece of 3 by 3 inch card. Cardboard from
a cereal box can be used. Place the card on
the end of a sewing spool so that the point
end of the tack is in the center hole of the
spool. That centers the card on the hole.
Hold the card in place as you pull out the
thumb tack. Push the pointed end of a pencil
through the card at the tack hole. Glue the
card to the spool. Push the thumb tack into
the center of another card. Lay that card on a table with the
tack point up. Put the spool over the tack so the two cards are
together. The tack will keep the lower card from moving side to
side. Blow forcefully through the spool. Lift the spool as you
continue to blow. The bottom card is not pushed downward.
The two cards remain together for the few seconds that you
keep the air moving quickly.
Bernoulli's law states that for air moving along surfaces,
faster moving air pushes less on a surface than does slower
moving air. The air moving quickly over the bottom card
actually pushes on the card less than the still air underneath
that card. So the card is held up.
It seems amazing that air behaves this way. What could it be
that causes this? I have not yet come across an explanation.
If you are interested you can make a very similar demonstration
that last about 10 seconds. The following 3 screens
explain how. You will need a hair dryer, a couple of pie pans
[the type made from aluminum foil], a couple of rubber bands,
glue, tape, scissors and a few other common items.
Cut a full sheet of paper in half to get a piece about 8 1/2
by 5 1/2 inches. Fold up 1/2 inch along the bottom edge and
cut slits to the fold line as shown.
Form the paper into a tube that fits
on the exhaust end of the dryer.
Attach the tube with a couple of
rubber bands or tape. Cut a hole
somewhat smaller than the bore of
the tube in a stiff card. Center
the hole with the tube's bore and
glue the card to the paper tube.
When dry trim the card at the ends
of the tabs to give the tube a 1/2
inch flange. Use scissors to cut
the sides off of one pie pan
leaving a 6-7 inch flat disc. Cut
a hole in the disc the same size
as the hole in the card. Tape the flange of the tube to the
disc with the hole.
Then cut the other pie pan in almost the
same way as the first. But be
sure to leave the four tabs as
shown. These tabs are bent in
such a way to keep the disc from
sliding to the side. Do not cut
a hole in this second disc.
Put the discs together with the
hair dryer aimed straight down. Turn it on high and let the
air stream hold up the bottom disc.
Don't run the dryer this way for more than about 10 seconds
at a time. Not as much air as normal flows through the dryer.
So not as much heat is carried away. The dryer gets hotter
than normal and can be damaged from getting too hot. If the
dryer quits, let it set 10 minutes and then try it. A safety
device in the dryer shuts it off when the temperature inside
the dryer goes much too high. After things cool off the safety
device resets. It may be asking too much from the dryer to do
this more than a few times.