flow lift
Occasionally a situation produces an effect opposite to
what you would expect. A description of such a situation
follows.
Glue a thin piece of cardboard about 3
by 5 inches onto the end of an empty
spool of thread. Use a pencil point
to make a hole in the card where the
hole is in the spool. Push a thumb
tack through another 3 by 5 card at
its center. A straight pin could also
be used. Put the end of the spool with
the card attached over the point of
the thumb tack. Hold the other end
of the spool to your mouth. Use one hand to hold the card with
the thumb tack. Blow forcefully into the spool and leave go of
the card as you do so. The card is not blown away. Instead it
seems the harder you blow the better the card stays in place.
The usual way to explain this is to refer to Bernoulli's law
which says that the faster a fluid moves across a surface,
the less the fluid pushes on the surface. So the side of the
card which has air moving across is pushed on less than the
card's other side. Since the slow moving air on the other
side is pushing the most, the card is held up.
I do not know if there is a commonly accepted explanation for
why fluids act this way.
Bernoulli's law is for a fluid moving along a surface. If
the fluid's path is toward the surface then the forces are what
you would expect: the greater the speed, the greater the push.
In this demo air does move toward the bottom card, but only at
its center. Most of the card has air moving along the surface.